Barxáw: Auxiliaries

Barxáw has auxiliaries. Some of them may be surprisingly specific in what they mean, and some of them behave in syntactically somewhat odd manners.

Let us first consider the most common syntactical pattern for auxiliaries in Barxáw. 

Noun_subj Aux Verb (Noun_obj) (Oblique arguments)

Some cause the main verb to be marked in some manner - a preposed é is not unusual. Considering this extra particle part of the aux would make sense, but some transformations show that é's location is relative to the main verb rather than to the aux.

A number of auxiliaries that follow this pattern are:

áɲ̟è - to be able to

t'íð -  to begin to

jùm (é) - to stop 

kìr (é) - to  do repeatedly or habitually

 err (é) - to stop due to some external factor (the external factor being preceded by the preposition cá if it is a noun, and the subordinating conjunction ísnu if it is a clause - the external factor need not be specified, however).

 génð [definite human subjects], gél [definite animate subjects], rrú (indefinite human subjects], bém [indefinite animate subjects], kádu [inanimate subjects] - explicitly perfective (also only used with transitives)

ðumú [human subjects], k'ipè [nonhuman subjects] - explicitly perfective (intransitive) 

Adjectival Auxiliaries
Some auxiliaries in Barxáw peculiarly enough distribute more like adjectives than like verbs.

q^húrro -  want to, desire to, hope to

cepá - attempt to, try to cause

azé - resume

c'arr -  refuse to

These are, at times, used like those given above. An interesting quirk is that these can also mark objects (but not obliques), signifying, for instance, that someone wants to be verbed - Séli kelað  q^húrro Joqù = Joqù wants Séli to help him. With azé, marking an object with it signifies returning to a certain object of the activity, whereas the activity itself may have been uninterrupted.
C'arr does never mark non-subjects.

These do not combine with other auxiliaries, and therefore may reasonably be considered auxiliaries in some sense.