The Dairwueh verb is not excessively synthetic:
| Finite Verbs with Congruence |
| Isg | IIsg | IIIsg | IIIsg2 | Ipl | IIpl | IIIpl | |
| indicative, present | -as | -er | ---/-o(fem) | * | -uan | -uše | -uni |
| indicative, past | -is | -eb | -iŋ | -e | -ad | -abe | -ari |
| affirmative irrealis | -əym | -əur | -əyi/-əvo | -əy | -əgan | -əgaš | -əŋan |
| negative, present | -šna | -(ə)vne | -šne | -š | -ušen | -ušen | -šne |
| negative, past | -eyš | -eyš | -eyš | -š | -eyšin | -eyšin | -eyšin |
| passive, present | -ŋor | -ŋor | -ŋa | -ŋ | -ŋan | -ŋan | -ŋa |
| Periphrastic Passive forms |
| passive, neg. pres. | erb- + passive neg participle |
| passive, irrealis | ŋey- + passive irrealis participle |
| passive, past | ŋe- + passive affirmative participle |
| passive, neg. | erb- + passive negative participle |
The final consonant of the infinitive (and possibly the vowel before it) is removed, and the suffix is added. Notable here is that the realis distinguishes {past, present} x {positive, negative}, whereas irrealis distinguishes {affirmative, negative}.
Infinitive: no particular morpheme, but almost exclusively ends in consonants.
The negative does not distinguish realis from irrealis, but does distinguish past from present.
* is formed in a rather different way - if the last syllable of the infinitive is bimoraic (a post on moras in Dairwueh will appear at some point), the IIIsg2 is identical. Otherwise, the IIIsg lengthens the last syllable. The rest of the IIIsg2 forms are suffixed to that stem.
The participles are formed as follows:
| active | | |
| affirmative | | |
| | present | -un |
| | past | -ar |
| | irrealis | -umuš |
| negative | | |
| | present | -šun |
| | past | -eyš |
| passive | | | |
| affirmative | | -šəŋ |
| negative | | e-___-šor |
| irrealis |
| e-___-šis |
The negative and irrealis participle when inflected for cases other than the nominative change slightly: -šor and ₋šis shorten to -šr- and -šs- before suffixes that begin in vowel, e.g. ekanšsar - 'to he who may rise'.
Case forms
| masc sg | fem sg | neut sg | masc pl | fem pl | neut pl |
| nom | * | -(r)i | -e/-a | * | ***-(t)a | -a (a few nouns have -e in both sg and pl) |
| acc | -na | -nu | -e | -ivna | ***-(t)ar | -a |
| dat | -ar | -(r)ir | -n | -ivit | ***-(r)it | -ivit |
| gen | -at | -ra | -ŋa | -ŋa/-edin** | ***-(r)in | -ivit |
| loc-instr | -ŋa | -at | -ŋa | -ŋa/-eder** | ***-(r)ar | -ŋa |
* the masc sg and pl nominative have a plethora of lexically determined suffixes. Some nouns even permit a variety of suffixes for these forms, forms that sometimes convey extra information. The -iv-/-ed- part of the masc pl suffixes and the -er- part of the fem pl suffixes can be replaced by such suffixes as well to convey the same information.
**-edin/-eder are exclusively used with nouns referring to humans.
*** a similar lengthening as that which happens with infinitives takes place before applying the suffix
The adjective will be laid out in a separate post.
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