Tuesday, April 21, 2015

Ćwarmin: Personal Pronouns - a final version

So, the Ćwarmin personal pronouns after some pruning and further design.

Notes:
The distant possessive subject is a case that is exclusive to the personal pronouns. 

Ćwarmin has gone through a rather interesting change in its typology: hints from cognate languages suggest that their shared proto-language had a proximate-obviative system. Remnants of this exist in Ćwarmin, but behave more like a switch-reference system, if only for just a handful of verbs. As the proximate-obviative system disintegrated, it was replaced by a specific-definite-indefinite three-way contrast. The definite signifies a referent known to both speaker and listener, the specific is only known to the speaker.

This also made its way into the pronoun system - in the singular, the third person distinguishes referents known to the speaker only from referents known to both. In part, this carries over from pronouns for proximate and obviative nouns. The distinction was lost in the plural, but survives in the nominative and accusative for the paucal. Now, on the other hand, the definiteness morphology is starting to appear on first person pronouns as a way of coding for clusivity in some dialects - definite first person plural is inclusive, specific first person plural exclusive. However, the morphology presented below is a more usual, classical Ćwarmin set of pronouns.

When stressed, the pronoun takes the bolded form. When unstressed, it agrees in vowel harmony with the following word, except over intonation phrase breaks - in which case it agrees in vowel harmony with the preceding word.

The third person singular definite is also the demonstrative used for a nearby object, so basically 'this' (with a slight tinge of 'that'). The morpheme i/u- can combine with IIIpl to form 'these' (with a slight tinge of 'those'), thus "i sit" or "u sut" gives the nominative, "i sić" or "u suć" the accusative, etc. It is seldom combined with the paucal. Ək/ak is the demonstrative used for a non-nearby object, so basically "that". It can combine likewise with the IIIpl for plural demonstratives, but the IIIpl without ək/ak basically serves as such a demonstrative in its own right as well.
For singular as well as plural nouns, i/u serves as the demonstrative determiner ('this noun'), whereas ək/ak serve as the demonstrative for singulars, sit/sut as the demonstrative for plurals.

Nota Bene: blogger hates letting tables go unmolested. It is very possible that new lines are deleted, and so on. I've been trying to get it to work properly for a while now and it just seems blogger can't stand not altering it. Thus, if, say, san and śen again are merged, you can tell them apart by one being bolded, the other not. The same happens in a bunch of other places throughout this table. There apparently is no way of circumventing this without adding actual extra rows of cells.

IsgIIsgIIIdefIIIspecIpcIIpcIIIdefpcIIIspecpcIplIIplIIIpl
nom



sanśənbec
bac
i
u
əkakdaldelranrəntawoktejəkmewok
mejək
marmercer
cor
sit
sut
acc



ataśətəśbacaś
becəś

təś
taś
daljaś
dəljeś
ranaś
 
reneś
waśjeśwoś
jəś
meś
maś
cereś
coroś
sić
suć
dist.
poss.
 subj



atak
ətək
bacan
becən 
inin unun teś
toś
dalun
dəlin
ranun
renin
--manak
mənək
cenek
conok
-
gen

anak
ənek
bacak
betək
ite
uta
teś
toś
daltudəltiranu
reni
tawun
tejin
-manak
mənək
cenek
conok
sitek
sutok
dat

aranś
ərənś
bacanś
bəcənś
in
un
tən
tan
donś
dənś
rənśronśwokśjikś-mankś
mənkś
cenkś
conkś
siteś
sutoś

gen.
abl



xaranś
źerənś
bacaś
 bəcəś 
ir
ar
ter
tar
doroś (no front form!)ronoś (no front form!) wośjeś-markś
mərkś
cerkś
corkś
sikeś
sukoś
inst



źerəp
xarap
barap
berəp
tap | təptap təpdaŕap
dəŕep
ranap
rənəp
tawap
tejəp
-manap
mənəp
canap
cənəp
sitəp
sutap
com-
to



xarkuś
źerkiś
backuś
 beckiś
itiśutuśtetiś
totuś
dalmaku dəlməkirammaku remməkitawaku
tejəki
-maruś
məriś
coruś
cereś

sitiś
sutuś
com-with

santuc
sentic
batuc
becic
itic
utuc
tetictotucdalmac
dəlmec
rammac
rəmməc
tawac
tejəc
-maruc
meric
coruc
ceric
setec
sotoc
neg


źerə
xaro
bicə
buco
istə
usto
tistə
tusto
daltus
dəltis
rono
rənə
tenə
tono
-marto
mərtə
carto
certə
settə
sotto

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