A Dairwueh Preprepositional Construction

In Dairwueh, having is expressed using the preposition edə in combination with the third person II copula -

	pos	neg	pos irrealis
pres	erb	dirš	ŋey
past	ŋe	ediš	(ŋe)

Thus, baud ŋe edə vena  - I had a farm (farm was by me).

The preposition edə occurs in some temporal expressions and some fossilized locative expressions, but is otherwise not used much.

However, edə can also take a preprepositional noun or adjective (or even adverb). In combination with the possessive construction, the adjective corresponds to the bolded elements below:

• to have object as/for complement
• X's object is complement
• object is X's complement 
• object is complement by X/for X
• owner perceives object as complement

In a few dialects, the complement can also be an infinitive, in which case it's a causative structure, or an active(!) participle, in which case it's a passive.