Detail #45: A kind of participle

This sort of ties into short sketch #2, and is but one of the participle-like verb forms occurring in that language.

When this participle is used as an adverb it marks whether the main verb phrase is being carried out by someone who has received or is receiving permission, help, prohibition, advice, support, collaboration, opposition, resistance etc. Verbs that do not usually express related ideas may sometimes be somewhat reinterpreted, so say.PRTCPL would be understood as 'with permission having been expressed orally', or if the context so suggests, 'with spoken resistance or opposition' or even 'met by rudeness'

Obviously, negative forms may be common, as people do speak of doing things without permission, with advice, etc :

we went there un-permit-prtcpl-ly: we went there without having been given any permission

we went there ban-prtcpl-ly: we went there in violation of the ban on going there

we built it help-prtcpl-ly: we built it with some help 

As a complement or an argument of a verb, it carries similar meaning:

house is us.dat un-permit-prtcpl : we have no permit for building the house

 king.dat is help.prtcpl.acc : the king needs help

king.dat is help.prtpl.nom . the king has help

Further, we get forms like:

you are go.prtcpl: you have permission to go

you are buy.prtcpl my house: you have permission to buy my house

they are enter.prtcpl this place at any time: they may enter this place at any time

Thus, polite imperatives also are formed using these. Not all verbs, however, can take this form.