Stops:
The main distinctions are
Bilabial | Lab-dnt | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
Stops | ph p' b | - - ð | th t' | ch c' ɟ | kh k' | qh q | ||
Fricative | ð | s z | ç ʝ | x h | R | x h | ||
Lateral glide | l | λ | ||||||
Trills and glides | w | r | j | R | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ̟ | ŋ | ||||
Historically, /g/ has become dž in most contexts, and h in some. /x/ and /h/ are only marginally distinct, as are /c/ and /j/. /w/ mostly appears in complementary distribution with /b/. /d/ is now /ð/, and strictly speaking a fricative, but patterns more like a stop. The uvular trill/fricative patterns like both trills and fricatives.
The stops also sometimes appear allophonically as affricates, e.g. syllable-finally after closed vowels or r.
The syllable structure is CCVCC the main restrictions being:
- no two homorganic stops in a sequence except over a syllable boundary
- no uvular and velar stops in a sequence except over a syllable boundary
- the syllable coda has quite a few restrictions on it, unlike the syllable onset
Vowels:
i | u | ||
e | ə | ||
ɛ | o | ||
ɑ |
In stressed, open syllables, these tend to diphthongize: /i/ tends towards [ij], /u/ towards [uw], /e/ towards [ei], /ə/ towards [eə], /ɛ/ towards [ɛa], /o/ towards [oi] and /ɑ/ towards [ou].
Basically, an isolating language is boring in the way that you do not get any morphophonology to work with. One can still create some interesting things over word boundaries - certain sounds get deleted in the presence or absence of other sounds, mutations, assimilation, etc. I think stress shifts might also be caused by stressed syllables getting too close. So that should basically provide sufficient pseudomorphophonology for there to be some interesting stuff.
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