Wednesday, February 10, 2016

Ŋʒädär: Accusativity in Subclauses

Although Ŋʒädär mainly deals with relative subclause-like structures by means of participles, complement clauses are not dealt with by using non-finite verbs, but rather by having particles that introduce subclauses. The verb in such a subclause generally uses some subordinate moods, e.g. subjunctive or conjunctive, depending on some semantic factors. Although the conditional keeps the inverse alignment going, the subjunctive and conjunctive have a more accusative-like thing going for them.

First observations: the subjunctive and conjunctive keep the same tense markers as the indicative mood. Subjunctive affixes -p'An-, conjunctive -čEm- at the spot where the direct/inverse marker would otherwise have gone. The direct object takes the dative case, whereas the subject remains in the absolutive.  Generally, the word order will be SOV, although SVO or VSO is attested. Passives are formed using the intransitive marker -lU/-lE after the mood markers. For the passive, either of the subject or object can be omitted, but they will retain their case marking - thus it's not a real passive. The object is not promoted to syntactically subject-like status.


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